House roof framing and construction diagrams, with important roofing terms, roof shapes and framing types. A hip rafter forms a raised area, or hip, usually extending from the corner of the building diagonally upwards to the ridge. But many homeowners dont know much about shingles, and, in fact, very few homeowners ever touch or handle an asphalt shingle. Oct 09, 2014 the roof deck is made up of sheathing and, in most cases, underlayment, which is called roofing felt. Introduction to carpentry textbook schoolcraft publishing. Carpenter uses a pneumatic nailer to attach plywood sheathing to the roof raftersin this case, a series of roof trusses.
We know most customers dont care how the roof goes together as long as it doesnt leak but remember this one thing, your roof is a system and must be put together. The proper term for expressing the roof angle is slope in that instance. So what i am going to do is give you some highly valuable information that will bring you to a new level in carpentry. Use the figures in this division when estimating the cost of. Unlike finish carpentry, framing doesnt have to look perfect or satisfy your desire to fit together two pieces of wood precisely. Editorial foreword to be successful in woodwork construction the possession of two secrets is essentialto know the right joint to use, and to know. Introduction to framing once you have your floor plan design, you are now ready to plan for. The application of conventional construction rules may. Leah shares a few shop tips for beginner diyers, beginner carpenters, and woodworkers. Drive through nearly any neighborhood and you can see that roofs have many different shapes. The roof extends over the gable wall to give a suitable overhang. There are two parts to the text, part 1 hip and valley roofs and part 2 broken hip and valley roofs, which address the following.
Roof structures roofs section1 module 3 sheet 12section double roofs a double roof is a roof whose rafters are of such a length that they require an intermediate support. Carpentry technology introduction to carpentry car701a course description introduction to carpentry technology allows the student to explore the trade of carpentry. Installing a slate roof the basics adapted and excerpted from the slate roof bible. The tread width is usually such that the sum of riser and tread is about 18 inches a 7inch riser and 11inch tread is standard. One might say that its a 612 pitch this is incorrect. Each publication includes instructions, illustrations, charts, reference data, and forms, that solve actual problems in the builders office and in the field.
The diagram above shows the components that go into making up a small gable roof. If you are diyer or just new to carpentry youll want to know some basic carpentry skills, techniques, tips, tricks of the trade and ideas to help get you started. Fully faced toward the sky, they catch the brunt of weathers worst. The ridge is a long board at the top that the rafters are nailed to the rafter is cut so it sits down onto the wall plate, which is in turn fixed down onto the inside skin of a cavity wall the ceiling joists span from wall plate to wall plate and are sometimes bolted to the rafters to help stop the ridge. The use of a membrane is typically required, a waterproof membrane, a sweat sheet or vapor barrier with the underlayment paper serving the triple function. This roof framing diagram illustrates how a hip roof is built. Weve rounded up all the mustknow information surrounding carpentry basics. Live loads are produced by the use and the occupancy of the building, e. Selection file type icon file name description size revision time. Hip and valley roofing property and building inspections.
If you follow just some carpentry basics you can be successful in carpentry. Refer to the figure as you study the terms discussed in the next paragraphs. It shields you, your family and your possessions from the elements. List the most commonly used fasteners and adhesives used by people in the carpentry trade. Femas mission is to focus federal effort on preparedness for, mitigation of, response to, and recovery from emergencies. The rise, or height of the roof at its peak, is the altitude of the triangle.
If youre looking to get into the carpentry or woodworking fields as a hobby or for diy projects around the house, youre in luck. The standard for the riser, or height from the bottom of the tread to the bottom of the next tread, ranges from 6 12 to 7 12 inches. For existing roofs and for new roofs with complicated flashings, please also see our acrylic roofing handbook. For green roofs, please see our green roof handbook. Wall framing 31 requirements 31 platform construction 31 balloon construction 33 window and door framing 34 endwall framing 36 interior walls 38 lath nailers 39 chapter 7. With your hands and some tools, you can form wood to create anything that your mind can conceive. There are carpentry basics that are rooted in carpentry. Research and summarize contact a manufacturer of residential wood trusses. Then, this roofing timber will be placed on top of the steel. Carpentry training classes online learn carpentry free. Structural design for residential construction presentation 4. Any outlet for air that protrudes through the roof deck such as a pipe or stack. Transfers the weight of the floor or roof above to the trimmer or shoulder studs.
Though a new roof isnt all that glamorous, youll understand its importance in a big way should an old roof fail, allowing water to destroy the inside of your home, from the attic insulation, down through the painstakingly remodeled kitchen, right on through to the basement family room with bigscreen tv. This course aims to familiarize persons who have had no carpentry experience with the tools and materials of the trade. Roof sheathing is the first structural component in the load path between the roof system and the foundation. Upon completing this section, you should be able to identify the types of roofs and define common roof framing terms. The important thing is that no matter what type of roof you have, the proper steps and materials are used to build your roofing system. Roof coverings and best practices roof coverings and best. It builds on knowledge and skills acquired during basic roof framing. What size are the roof rafters and how far apart will they be spaced. To achieve this is a simple frame called a ladder frame is constructed. Basic roof framing discuss the photo building a roof roofs are constructed in many different shapes. Imperial roof framing uses the term cut of roof to describe the ratio between the. Working with wood is a great place to start, so weve assembled a handy collection of articles covering the right way to cut plywood, pull stubborn nails, lay out a rafter, hone a chisel and sharpen your handsaw skills.
The components are introduced in the order that you install them in the roof construction sequence. Whether youre the new kid on the job site or an old hand, its never a bad idea to bone up on basic building skills. Carpentry executive summary program description construction is a program or an instructional program that prepares students for employment or. Carpentry manuals books and software craftsman book. Success starts with mastering your basic carpentry first.
The project gutenberg ebook of woodwork joints, by unknown. This frame consists of the last two rafters joined together by. Whether youre building a house, an addition, or a simple wall, the goals when fram. Carpentry 701a introduction to carpentry technology. The other contractor was building furniture, and i was framing a house. Ceiling joist ceiling joists are the horizontal beams that run parallel. The framing of a basic gable roof is based on a rightangle triangle, and the various roof framing components fit the triangle. Feb 01, 2018 leah shares a few shop tips for beginner diyers, beginner carpenters, and woodworkers.
Span is the horizontal distance between the outside. These easy to apply carpentry formulas will both save you time and help avoid making silly mistakes. Combustible iii federal emergency management agency united states fire administration national fire academy foreword the federal emergency management agency fema was established in 1979. Roof structures roofs 12section module 3 sheet 10 verge details and ladder frame the construction of the verge of a gable roof is shown below.
At the end of a days work, you can see the fruits of your labor standing tall in the sky. Having completed this course the learner will be able to. A row of shingles or roll roofing running the length of the roof. A couple of summers ago, i took a leave from my desk job to work with the threeman carpentry crew that was building my. In many ways, shingles are a bit of a mystery material. If you have some basic knowledge of carpentry tools, you can frame a wall. How to protect your workshop from spontaneous combustion 2. King stud full length stud along side of the trimmer or shoulder studs rough sill bottom of a window opening supports the window. Classify the various building materials used by carpenters. Any device installed on the roof gable or soffit for the purpose of ventilating the underside of the roof deck.
The type of deck used depends on the finished roofing material. Hopefully the information on the following pages will help you avoid some of the pitfalls commonly faced and to get a perfect. A threeyear research project to develop essential skills and prior learning assessments and curricula specific to trades and to pilot the materials with six of those trades. Begin any carpentry project by making pencil drawings of the project you have in mind.
Roof features associated with basic roof framing terms are shown in figure 22. Explore the following tutorials to get more information about each task. Gable a gable roof has a ridge at the center and slopes in two directions. Carpentry online course learn carpentry free alison. Framing carpentry has always been my favorite phase of home building.
An illustrated guide to roof construction, including basic types of roofs and a roofing glossary. Keep reading to find out what skills and tools youll need to get started. It covers specifications, estimating procedures, codes, and how to read prints and plans. These rafters, shown in figure 181, are required when framing complex roofs, such as hip roofs and intersecting gable roofs for more on roof types, see chapter 17, basic roof framing. Roof framing you can learn a great deal about roof framing by understanding the concepts of gable roof framing. The basic components and assemblies of a conventional wood frame home are shown in figure 5. Describe the history and scope of carpentry as a trade. Introduction to drafting multiview drawings line type and quality dimensions and notes sections. Underlayment the underlayment of a roof is the black paper thats laid over the plywood sheeting in order to seal the roof from damaging elements snow, rain, ice, etc. Explain the layout of a common rafter, using at least one of the four basic methods. A teachers handbook table of contents carpentry for vocational schools.
Identify the opportunities for carpenters in the construction industry. There are as many different types of roofs as there are materials to cover them. The 2016 national construction estimator lists estimated construction costs to general contractors performing the work with their own crews, as of mid2016. This roof type has all of the basic elements of the other roof types.
The irc permits the installation of asphalt shingles on continuous sheathing for roofs with slopes as low as 2. Carpentry is a highly skilled trade that has evolved to incorporate improved building materials and construction methods. Introduction a considerable portion of the annual loss of life and property is a direct result of the lack of timely, effective ventilation 80% of all fire fatalities are due to smoke inhalation. When this covering is installed on roofs sloped between 2. Ten rules for framing expert home construction tips. This will give additional stability to the roof structure.
Skills assessments, clients can identify individual proficiency levels of the following essential skills. For additional stability, you can also use steel joists that are built into one or both of the walls. Besides its inherent beauty, wood has a much higher ratio of strength to stiffness than iron, steel, or concrete. Follow accepted building techniques when framing a wall. This page contains links to some useful carpentry formulas that im always using with clear explanations on how to use them in everyday carpentry situations. The introduction to carpentry textbook gives students and new trainees a grasp of the basics of carpentry. Ceiling and roof framing 40 ceiling joists 40 flush ceiling framing 42 post and beam framing 42 roof slopes 44 flat roofs 45 pitched roofs 45. Learning beginning carpentry skills mother earth news. Understand the basic terms relating to roof framing carpentry. Ceiling and roof framing 40 ceiling joists 40 flush ceiling framing 42 post and beam framing 42 roof slopes 44 flat roofs 45 pitched roofs 45 valleys 48 dormers 48 overhangs 48 ridge beam roof details 49. Follow these guidelines and techniques to make the job go smoothly. Figure 1a dripedge flashing keeps water away from the roof structure. The essential skills inventory and the technical skills inventory assist the client to develop a learning path which includes measurable. Any older carpentry book will explain the spans and sizes for standard roof framing.
Types of roofs the most commonly used types of pitched roof construction are the gable, the hip, the intersecting, and the shed or leanto. Roof framing terms are related to the parts of a triangle. A good framing crew can frame an entire house in just a couple of days. The golden rule of basic carpentry is measure twice and cut once. General shop safety i general shop safety i i hand tools. This free online carpentry course will give you an solid introduction to carpentry, overview carpentry as a trade, guide you through the main carpentry employment opportunities and apprenticeship programs, materials and tools, construction methods, plans and drawings, and much. Wcd1 details for conventional wood frame construction. Framing a roof is the last step in framing new construction.
The word pitch is often misused, as in this and many other articles. Most call for solid plywood or orientedstrandboard osb panel sheathing. Walls define features in homes and businesses, dividing rooms and creating halls and walkways. The basic construction of a flat roof starts with roofing timber that is laid across two upright items, usually two walls. They say that the history of carpentry is as old as time itself. Craftsman publishes books and software for construction professionals. Introduction 1 preparation 2 basic procedure 3 multiple walls 8 details 10 folded inside corners 12. Success comes after mastering basic carpentry first. Hip and valley roofing the text provides subject matter related to more detailed hip and valley roofs. This support is usually a beam which is secured under the rafters at a point half way between the ridge and the wallplate. Balloon construction 33 window and door framing 34 endwall framing 36 interior walls 38 lath nailers 39 chapter 7. Basic carpentry skills are necessary to be able to complete home renovation, home building and other construction projects. The first skill youll need to have under your belt. Tiedown fixings tiedown fixings are used to resist uplift and shear forces lateral loads in floor framing, wall framing and roof framing.
In following chapters, you will learn more about advanced roof framing. Roof snow drift surcharge a n g l e note a 15% increase in the allowable capacity of wood for loads that include snow, which is a shortterm load snow loads 712 cs 0. A carpenter or home renovator needs to be able to layout a building site. Students will be introduced to the tools, equipment, and practices common to the trade, with a constant emphasis on safe work habits. When roofs collide 2 will beemer historic american roof trusses 12 ii. Essential skills are the skills that people need for work, learning and life. Parts of a roof the main structural parts of a roof are ceiling joists, ridge board, jack rafter, hip rafter, common rafters, creeper rafters, raking plates, out riggers and noggings or last rafter overhang. An asphalt shingle roof is a valuable part of your home. Funding for trade essentials is provided by the government of canadas. Deflection is the bounce or give in a floor system as a person walks across a room. What are some things to consider in determining the shape of a roof. Of all major home repairs, installing new roofing is arguably as important as it gets. Our ebay id is crosstheabyss please visit our current ebay auctions by clicking here.
This roof has horizontal battens for tile or metal. While most home builders will outsource the construction of roofing trussesthe rafter supports of the roof itselflearning to frame a roof yourself is one of the true arts of. All about wood wood is among the most versatile building materials in the world. Nail it to the sheathing along the lower edges of the roof. A83 1995 695dc20 95394 cip 1995 craftsman book company twelfth printing 2015. Mar 27, 2008 the framing of a basic gable roof is based on a rightangle triangle, and the various roof framing components fit the triangle.
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